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A growing youth protest movement in India has delivered one of the biggest political setbacks to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government in recent years, raising questions about the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s appeal among younger voters ahead of crucial state elections. What began as demonstrations over alleged examination paper leaks has developed into a wider expression of frustration over unemployment, education and economic uncertainty. The protests were led by the Cockroach Janta Party, or CJP, a youth movement that quickly gained massive attention on social media. Within days of launching its campaign in May, the group attracted around 22 million followers on Instagram, most of them from Generation Z. The movement demanded the resignation of Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan after allegations that a medical entrance examination had been compromised. As protests spread across India, thousands of students gathered in central Delhi despite heavy police action. In an effort to calm public anger, Prime Minister Modi posted a rare selfie video on Instagram, saying he understood the concerns of young people and promising action to address their grievances. However, the message failed to ease the demonstrations. Days later, Education Minister Pradhan resigned, fulfilling the protesters’ main demand and handing the movement a significant political victory. The resignation is considered unusual because Modi’s government has generally resisted removing senior ministers in response to public pressure. Political observers say the outcome has encouraged many young Indians who believe their voices can influence government decisions. Analysts say the protests extend far beyond the issue of examination leaks. Many young people are increasingly worried about unemployment, rising competition for limited jobs and the possible impact of artificial intelligence on employment opportunities, particularly in India’s large information technology and business services sectors. While the exam controversy sparked the demonstrations, experts believe it exposed much deeper concerns among the country’s youth. Political analyst Amitabh Tiwari said the paper leak became a symbol of wider frustration felt by many young Indians who are anxious about their future. He noted that disappointment over employment prospects and economic opportunities has created growing dissatisfaction that cannot be ignored. Senior government officials have acknowledged these concerns. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said the government remains committed to understanding students’ problems and ensuring that their concerns are addressed. However, critics argue the ruling party has struggled to connect with younger generations, particularly on social media platforms where political discussions are rapidly evolving. Demographic trends also highlight the challenge facing India’s political establishment. People between the ages of 18 and 40 make up roughly 40 percent of the country’s population but hold only a small share of seats in the lower house of Parliament. The average age of members of the federal cabinet remains above 60, leading some analysts to argue that younger voices are underrepresented in national decision making. Although the CJP is not officially a political party, opposition groups have openly supported the student protests and attempted to capitalize on growing public dissatisfaction. The first major political test could come during next year’s state elections in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Gujarat. The BJP currently governs both Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat, making those contests particularly important. Some analysts believe the movement could have an even greater impact if it eventually enters electoral politics before the 2029 national election. CJP founder Abhijeet Dipke has said no decision has been made about transforming the movement into a political party, but its rapid popularity has already attracted widespread attention across the political spectrum. Observers also believe political campaigning in India is changing. For years, the BJP built a strong digital presence on platforms such as X and Facebook. However, younger audiences have increasingly shifted to Instagram, where authenticity and informal communication often attract greater engagement than carefully managed political messaging. While the BJP has around 10 million Instagram followers, the CJP gained more than twice that number in only a few days. Modi personally continues to command a much larger audience across multiple social media platforms, but analysts say younger users are responding differently to newer forms of political communication. Writers and political commentators argue that Generation Z is less influenced by traditional political authority and more willing to openly question established leaders. They believe successful politicians will increasingly need to engage directly with young voters rather than relying on conventional campaign strategies. For Modi, the protests represent a reminder that public expectations are changing. During much of his time in office, he built a reputation as a decisive leader who rarely reversed government decisions. Political analysts now say that demonstrating a willingness to listen and respond to public concerns may become increasingly important as India moves toward another cycle of state and national elections.

Former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has announced plans to return to her home country in December, despite facing a death sentence following her conviction for crimes against humanity. Speaking via audio broadcast to journalists at the Foreign Correspondents’ Club in Delhi, her first direct address to the press since being ousted in August 2024, the 78-year-old former leader acknowledged the grave risks associated with her return. “I know that they may put me in jail or they may kill me, anything may happen, but still I have to go back.” Hasina stated, while declining to reveal specific travel dates or logistics. Hasina fled to India two years ago following a mass student-led uprising that ended her 15-year rule. Last year, a special tribunal in Dhaka sentenced her to death in absentia after prosecutors presented evidence, including verified audio recordings, showing she authorised the use of lethal force against demonstrators. UN reports estimate that up to 1,400 people were killed during the crackdown. Hasina continues to reject the charges as politically motivated, alleging that external groups transformed student protests over government job quotas into a violent movement. The announcement has heightened diplomatic tensions between New Delhi and Dhaka. Bangladesh’s newly elected government, led by Prime Minister Tarique Rahman of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), expressed outrage over India permitting Hasina to address international media, renewing its demands for her immediate extradition. Meanwhile, analysts suggest Hasina’s high-stakes gamble aims to re-energise her banned party, the Awami League, whose supporters face increasing political isolation and violence ahead of her proposed return.

The United States has rejected suggestions that it is reducing its involvement in Asia. A senior Pentagon official said Washington plans to strengthen its position in the Indo-Pacific and maintain what it considers a favourable balance of power in the region. US Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Elbridge Colby made the remarks during a speech in Manila on Monday. He said the United States was not leaving Asia. Instead, Washington was increasing its focus on the region. Colby also called on US allies and partners to take greater responsibility for their own defence. He said Washington wanted stronger partnerships rather than relationships based on dependence. According to Colby, the United States expects its regional allies to increase defence spending and strengthen their own military capabilities. He said greater responsibility from partner countries should not be interpreted as a sign that Washington is abandoning the region. Colby argued that stronger allies would contribute to stronger deterrence and help maintain regional stability. The Pentagon official said the US strategy includes maintaining a credible military presence along the First Island Chain. The strategic area stretches from Japan through Taiwan and the Philippines toward Borneo. It is considered important to US efforts to deter potential military threats in the Indo-Pacific. Colby said the United States was committed to maintaining a balance of power in the region. He also emphasised the need for allies to contribute more to regional security. His comments come amid continuing questions about the long-term US security commitment to Asia. Some regional governments and analysts have expressed concerns about whether Washington will remain as deeply involved in the Indo-Pacific as it has been in previous years. Colby sought to address those concerns by stressing that the United States intends to remain engaged. The Philippines is the first stop on Colby’s Southeast Asian tour. He is also scheduled to visit Indonesia, Thailand and Cambodia. The Philippines is a longstanding US treaty ally and has strengthened defence cooperation with Washington in recent years. The Pentagon official’s remarks are likely to be closely watched by US partners across the region. Washington is seeking to strengthen cooperation with allies while encouraging them to invest more heavily in their own defence. The approach reflects a broader US strategy of sharing the security burden with regional partners while maintaining a strong American military presence. Colby said the goal was to build capable partners rather than create countries that depend entirely on US protection. He maintained that stronger regional partners would make the overall US deterrence strategy more effective.