MANILA, Philippines – After examining billions of pesos in reported transactions through the Anti-Money Laundering Council, prosecutors in Vice President Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial are now going to what could be the most consequential part: the banks that actually held the accounts.

More representatives from several banks are expected to authenticate the underlying accounts and records of Duterte and her husband, lawyer Manases Carpio, as prosecutors seek to establish whether the couple’s bank balances were properly reflected in the Vice President’s Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALNs).

Private prosecutor James Bryan Ibrahim Alih said the records cover at least 30 active accounts across eight banks for the years 2022 to 2025.

According to the prosecution’s offer of testimony, the accounts had combined year-end balances of more than P59 million in 2022, P71 million in 2023, P22 million in 2024, and P35 million in 2025.

Yet recall that in each of those years, Duterte’s SALNs did not separately list any cash on hand or cash in bank.

The prosecution alleges that the balances do not match Duterte’s SALNs. Her lawyers have previously argued that cash and bank deposits were included under the broader “other personal properties” category. The testimonies of bank officials are expected to provide the more precise year-end balances needed to make that comparison.

Here are the banks and officers identified so far:

1. Land Bank of the Philippines (LandBank)

Eunice Sumatra, manager of LandBank’s San Pedro-Davao City branch, became the first bank witness on Tuesday, October 6. Prosecutors called her to authenticate records involving one payroll bank account with account number ending 8998 in the name of Sara Zimmerman Duterte.

Raquel Dela Cerna, manager of LandBank’s Davao R. Magsaysay branch, followed Sumatra and authenticated an active account belonging to Carpio ending in 2730. She disclosed year-end balances of P505,517.35 in 2022, P953,681.42 in 2023, P115,824.20 in 2024, and P1,358,373.07 in 2025. 

Cerna also mentioned that the branch had two accounts linked to the Vice President, which were now closed.

During cross-examination, Cerna agreed that marriage alone does not make one spouse a joint account holder or authorized signatory of an account held by the other. 

2. Asia United Bank (AUB)

Arcy James Gonzales, branch manager of the Davao Toril branch, was the first bank witness on Wednesday, October 7. Prosecutors called him to authenticate records of bank accounts that were related to Carpio. 

The AUB bank manager disclosed the following year-end balances for the two bank accounts linked to Carpio:

3. Philippine Savings Bank (PSBank)

Irene Joy Ishida, head of branch operations in PSBank, was the second bank witness on Wednesday. Prosecutors called her to authenticate records of bank accounts that were related to both Duterte and Carpio.

Ishida disclosed the following year-end balances for the two bank accounts linked to the Vice President and her husband:

4. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. (Metrobank)

Niña Aguilar, head of the anti-money laundering division of Metrobank, was the third witness on Wednesday. Prosecutors called her to authenticate records of bank accounts that were in the names of Duterte, Carpio, and one of their children.

Aguilar disclosed the following year-end balances for three bank accounts:

5. Security Bank

Leslie Cham, branch banking group head of Security Bank, was the fourth witness on Wednesday. Prosecutors called him to authenticate records of a bank account that was in the name of Carpio

Cham disclosed the following year-end balances for the bank accounts:

Cham also testified on two Security Bank checking accounts maintained by Cale88 Foods Corporation, a company linked to Carpio. The accounts were opened in August 2024 and October 2025, respectively, but both were closed in July 2026, the same month Duterte’s impeachment trial began. One had a year-end 2025 balance of at least P332,000, while the other had around P21,000.

Cale88 had already figured prominently in earlier testimony from Anti-Money Laundering Council Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura, who said the company received P319.33 million in remittances from China and Hong Kong.

6. Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI)

Marwin Galvez, division head for BPI’s Central Manila branches, testified on Wednesday. Prosecutors called him to authenticate records of bank accounts linked to Duterte, Carpio, and former president Rodrigo Duterte.

Galvez disclosed the following year-end balances for the bank accounts:

Beyond the year-end balances, Galvez testified on a joint time deposit of Sara and Rodrigo Duterte that was opened in 2010 with P40.65 million and later grew to P41.72 million. Prosecutors also presented several manager’s checks as they sought to establish what they described as a pattern in which funds could temporarily not be reflected in the balance of a customer’s deposit account while the checks remained unutilized.

BPI also earlier asked AMLC to correct 13 covered transaction reports involving Carpio after discovering erroneous amounts caused by what the bank described as a system bug. 

AMLC Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura confirmed Tuesday that AMLC validated BPI’s corrections. 

7. Philippine National Bank (PNB)

Julius Parian, branch manager of PNB’s Davao San Pedro-C.M. Recto branch, testified on Wednesday. Prosecutors called him to authenticate records of bank accounts maintained by Carpio at the branch.

Parian disclosed the following year-end balances for the bank accounts:

Parian testified that Carpio maintained five PNB accounts, consisting of one time deposit and four savings accounts.

Parian also confirmed that Carpio withdrew P18 million from PNB in four transactions on August 6, 2024: P5 million, P3 million, P5 million, and P5 million. The transactions were the PNB portion of the P41 million in combined PNB and BDO withdrawals previously identified by AMLC as having been made by Carpio on a single day.

8. BDO Unibank (BDO)

Mario De Mesa Jr., senior assistant vice president for BDO’s branch banking group branch regulatory support, testified on Wednesday. Prosecutors called him to authenticate records involving seven active accounts held by Duterte, Carpio, and 888 Bistro, a sole proprietorship.

The BDO records were also notable because two of the large transactions previously identified by the AMLCl on August 6, 2024, came from Carpio’s BDO accounts. De Mesa confirmed that these transactions were worth P15 million and P8 million, or a combined P23 million. Together with another P18 million withdrawn from PNB that day, Carpio moved a combined P41 million from the two banks.

During questioning by Senator-judge Francis Pangilinan, De Mesa also confirmed that Cale88 Foods Corporation maintained one active peso account with BDO, opened in July 2022. The account had year-end balances of P211,869.84 in 2022, P12,709.84 in 2023, P11,206.22 in 2024, and P36,780.69 in 2025. – Rappler.com