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South Korea has recorded its highest temperature since weather records began more than 100 years ago, as an intense heatwave continues to grip the country and authorities urge people to avoid outdoor activities. The Korea Meteorological Administration said the southeastern city of Yangsan reached 42.5 degrees Celsius on Sunday afternoon, setting a new national temperature record. Yangsan has remained at the centre of the prolonged heatwave, with temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius for five consecutive days. Other major cities, including Daegu and Busan, have also experienced temperatures climbing into the upper 30s. The extreme weather has forced many people to seek shelter in air conditioned shopping centres, cafes and other indoor spaces. In Seoul, residents gathered in public places with cooling facilities to escape the dangerous heat. Office worker Ju Dong Yeol said staying outdoors had become almost impossible and that spending time in air conditioned buildings was the only practical way to cope with the soaring temperatures. Authorities have issued emergency heatwave alerts in more than 20 areas across the country. The warning system, introduced this year, is activated when the expected heat index reaches 38 degrees Celsius or when actual temperatures are forecast to climb to at least 39 degrees Celsius. Weather officials advised residents to stop all outdoor activities immediately, remain in cool locations and drink plenty of water to reduce the risk of heat related illnesses. The Korea Meteorological Administration also warned that indoor spaces without air conditioning could become dangerous during the ongoing heatwave. Officials encouraged people, particularly children, older adults and those with health conditions, to use designated cooling centres whenever possible. Weather data show that South Korea has experienced a sharp increase in the number of extremely hot days over recent decades. During the past five years, the country has recorded an average of 19 heatwave days each year, compared with only eight days annually during the 1970s. A heatwave day is officially defined as one in which temperatures reach at least 33 degrees Celsius. The severe weather has also disrupted sporting events. South Korea’s professional baseball league cancelled a second consecutive game in the city of Changwon after temperatures climbed to 39.5 degrees Celsius. The Korea Baseball Organisation said the decision was made to protect the health and safety of players, officials and spectators while the heatwave warning remained in effect. Scientists have repeatedly warned that human induced climate change is making extreme weather events such as heatwaves more frequent and more intense around the world. Experts also point to the return of the El Nino climate pattern this year, which increases sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean and can contribute to unusually hot weather in many regions. South Korea is not alone in facing extreme heat. Several European countries have also experienced prolonged heatwaves this summer, with temperatures rising above 40 degrees Celsius in parts of southern and central Europe. Governments across the region have issued health warnings, battled wildfires and advised residents to avoid outdoor activities during the hottest hours of the day. Italy has also placed many of its major cities under the highest level of heat alert as temperatures continue to rise.

Massive wildfires burning across France and Spain have pushed air pollution to dangerous levels, exposing millions of people to harmful smoke and raising fresh concerns about public health and climate change. Scientists say the fires have released large amounts of fine particulate matter known as PM2.5, a pollutant linked to heart disease, lung cancer and serious respiratory illnesses. Experts explained that wildfire smoke can travel hundreds of kilometres, reducing air quality far beyond the areas directly affected by the flames. They warned that prolonged exposure to high levels of PM2.5 poses a significant health risk, especially for children, older adults and people with existing medical conditions. Theodore Keeping, a climate scientist at Imperial College London, said repeated exposure to dense wildfire smoke can have serious health consequences. He noted that climate change is contributing to more frequent and intense wildfires, increasing the number of people breathing unhealthy air for extended periods. Air quality data from the European Union’s Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service showed that pollution levels in the French city of Bordeaux rose sharply on July 26. PM2.5 concentrations exceeded 300 micrograms per cubic metre at their highest point, while the daily average reached around 115 micrograms. Scientists said this was nearly five times higher than the European Union’s recommended daily limit. Smoke from the fires also spread across large parts of southern France and central Spain. In Limoges, located more than 200 kilometres northeast of Bordeaux, PM2.5 levels climbed above 400 micrograms per cubic metre during the weekend. Scientists said these figures demonstrate how wildfire pollution can affect communities located far from the fires themselves. Mark Parrington, a senior scientist at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, said the fires are producing enormous amounts of smoke that continue to spread across the region. He explained that particles released by wildfires may become even more harmful because they mix with other chemicals in the smoke. These tiny particles can travel deep into the lungs, increasing the risk of breathing problems and other health complications. Health experts have advised people living in affected areas to follow official safety guidance. Recommended precautions include staying indoors whenever possible, keeping windows closed to prevent smoke from entering homes and wearing protective masks if outdoor travel cannot be avoided. Scientists also warned that the environmental impact of the fires extends beyond air pollution. Europe’s forests normally absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to slow global warming. When forests burn, much of that stored carbon is released back into the air, adding to greenhouse gas emissions. According to data from the European Forest Fire Information System, wildfires across Europe have released around 18 million metric tons of carbon dioxide so far this year. France has recorded its highest wildfire related carbon emissions ever measured by this stage of the year. Researchers said nearly half of the European Union’s wildfire emissions for 2026 were produced during the past week alone. Although wildfire emissions currently represent only a small share of the European Union’s overall greenhouse gas output, scientists cautioned that the situation could become more serious in the future. As climate change creates hotter and drier conditions, wildfire risks are expected to expand into northern Europe, where vast forests play a major role in storing carbon. Researchers warned that increasingly destructive fire seasons could make it more difficult for European countries to achieve their long term climate goals.