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Japan commemorated the 81st anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 2026. The ceremony was held as the country faces renewed debate over its nuclear policy and security strategy. Thousands gathered at Nagasaki Peace Park to remember the victims of the 1945 attack. Participants observed a moment of silence at 11:02am. It marked the exact time when the United States dropped the atomic bomb on the city. The bombing killed an estimated 74,000 people. The attack came three days after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, where about 140,000 people were estimated to have died. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945. The surrender brought World War II to an end and marked a major turning point in Japan’s history. The anniversary has also become a focus of debate over Japan’s long-standing pacifist and non-nuclear policies. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi attended the Nagasaki ceremony. She has opened discussion on Japan’s postwar non-nuclear principles at a time of growing security concerns in East Asia. The debate has intensified as China expands its military capabilities in the region. Questions have also emerged over the long-term reliability of the US security commitment to Japan. Takaichi has maintained that Japan should pursue a realistic and practical approach toward achieving a world without nuclear weapons. However, her position on all three of Japan’s non-nuclear principles remains unclear. Japan’s three principles have traditionally called for the country not to possess, produce or permit the introduction of nuclear weapons into its territory. Takaichi supports the principles against possessing and developing nuclear weapons. She has not given the same clear commitment regarding the third principle. Her position has sparked concern among pacifists and atomic bomb survivors. Critics fear that any change in Japan’s nuclear stance could weaken the country’s postwar commitment to nuclear disarmament. Nagasaki Mayor Shiro Suzuki strongly defended the city’s anti-nuclear position during the ceremony. Suzuki described nuclear weapons as an absolute evil. He rejected the argument that nuclear weapons could be considered a necessary evil for national security. He also urged the central government to uphold Japan’s war-renouncing Constitution. He called on Tokyo to maintain its non-nuclear principles and participate in the upcoming review conference of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The mayor’s remarks came as Japan considers changes to its defence policy. The government is seeking stronger military capabilities in response to growing regional security threats. The anniversary also highlighted concerns about atomic bomb survivors who have not been officially recognised as hibakusha. Some people exposed to radiation during the Nagasaki bombing remain outside the government’s official recognition criteria. Their exclusion is linked to their location at the time of the attack and the areas officially designated as part of the blast zone. Shigemitsu Tanaka, head of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors Council, raised the issue directly with Takaichi. Tanaka urged the government to provide support to both officially recognised survivors and those who remain unrecognised. He said the survivors are aging and that time is running out for them. Takaichi responded that the government already provides medical expense subsidies to unrecognised survivors on a level comparable to assistance given to officially recognised hibakusha. She said the government would continue implementing such support. The Nagasaki anniversary therefore carried both historical and political significance this year. Survivors and peace advocates continue to call for stronger commitments to nuclear disarmament. At the same time, Japan’s government is balancing its pacifist traditions with growing concerns over regional military threats.