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[In This Economy] Investment options sa panahon ng mataas na inflation

Habang sumasama ang lagay ng ekonomiya, saan magandang mag-invest?

Mahalagang tingnan ang statistics sa inflation o bilis ng pagtaas ng presyo. Ayon sa Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), nasa 6.1% ang inflation noong Agosto 2026. Medyo bumaba ito mula 6.2% noong Hulyo, pero mataas pa rin kumpara sa kinikita ng savings natin sa bangko.

Ang problema, kapag masyadong mabilis ang inflation kumpara sa interes sa bangko, lumalaki nga ang pera mo sa bank account ngunit kumukonti naman ang puwede o kaya nitong bilhin. In other words, bumababa ang halaga ng piso mo dahil sa inflation.

Sabihin nating may P100,000 ka sa typical savings account na may 0.625% interest kada taon. Sa simpleng kuwenta, P625 ang kikitain mo after one year. May 20% tax pa sa interest, kaya P500 na lang ang matitira, bago ang anumang fees. So magiging P100,500 ang pera mo.

Ngunit kung tumaas nang 6.1% ang presyo sa loob ng taong iyon (dahil sa inflation), aabot sa P106,100 ang dating P100,000 na halaga ng mga bilihin. Magkukulang talaga ang savings at tinubo mo para mabili ang parehong dami ng produkto at serbisyo.

Ito ang tinatawag na “negative real return”: nabawasan ang purchasing power, o kayang bilhin, ng ipon mo dahil sa inflation. Sa example natin, katumbas na lang ng P97,267 sa dating presyo ang pera mo.

E-banking

Dahil sadyang mababa ang interes sa mga normal savings account sa bangko, maraming na-eengganyo ngayon na maglagay ng savings sa online bank accounts na nag-ooffer ng mas mataas na interest rates. Kabilang sa mga ito ang Maya Savings, BanKo TODO Savings, at MariBank.

Ngunit sabi nga sa economics, “there’s no such thing as a free lunch.” I-research muna nang mabuti kung ano ang terms and conditions sa online accounts na ito.

Halimbawa, tignan natin ang Maya Savings. Sa official mechanics nito para sa Setyembre 2026, 3% kada taon ang base rate, ‘di hamak na mas mataas kumpara sa normal na savings account sa bangko. May bonus interest para sa qualified transactions, pero hanggang P100,000 lang ng savings balance ang sakop ng bonus.

May hiwalay ding offer na hanggang 15% kada taon para sa qualified new users, sa hanggang P100,000 na deposito. Limited-time promo ito at may requirements. Tandaan din na ang “per annum” o “p.a.” ay kada taon. So kung isang buwan lang ang promo, bahagi lang ng annual interest ang maaari mong kitain.

Kaya naman, icheck muna kung hanggang kailan ang promo, magkano ang covered na deposito, at anong transactions ang counted. Puwedeng magbago ang rates, at magkaiba rin ang offers para sa new at existing users.

Huwag ding gumastos sa hindi kailangan para lang makakuha ng bonus. Halimbawa, may P10,000 ka at tataas ang interest rate mo mula 3% papuntang sa 5% kada taon. Sa loob ng 30 araw, mga P13 lang ang dagdag na kita after the 20% tax. Kung bibili ka ng P500 na bagay na hindi mo naman kailangan para makuha iyon, lugi ka.

‘Di hamak na mas sulit kung bills o mahalagang purchases ang gagamitin para ma-meet ang requirements. By the way, kilangan mo ring isama sa kuwenta ang transfer at withdrawal fees.

Siguraduhin ding bank deposit talaga ang produkto. Magkaiba kasi ang savings account at e-wallet balance kahit nasa iisang app. Walang deposit insurance ang e-wallet balance mismo.

Mula Marso 2025, hanggang P1 milyon per depositor, per bank ang sakop ng Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation (PDIC). Pinagsasama ang personal deposits na nasa parehong pangalan at capacity sa iisang bangko, kahit magkakahiwalay ang accounts. Kaya huwag ilagay ang lahat ng iyong pera sa iisang bangko.

Note din na ang deposit insurance ay proteksiyon kapag nagsara ang bangko. Hindi nito automatic na sasagutin ang perang nawala sa scam o dahil nanakaw ang password mo. Huwag ibigay ang password o one-time PIN, at sa official app at customer-service channels lang makipagtransaksiyon.

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Kailan mo kailangan ang pera?

Ang paglalagay ng pera sa savings account (traditional or online bank) ay nakadepende rin sa pangangailangan mong gumastos sa mga susunod na buwan. Magtira ng extra savings para sa mga emergencies at iba pang mahalagang gastusin.

Unahin ang emergency fund o perang madaling makuha kapag may nagkasakit o nawalan ng trabaho sa pamilya. Usual na starting target ang 3 hanggang 6 na buwang basic expenses, depende sa kung gaano ka-stable ang income mo at kung ilan ang umaasa sa iyo. Kung mabigat iyon, magsimula sa halagang kaya mo.

Puwedeng ilagay ang bahagi nito sa high-interest savings account. Mag-iwan din ng madaling ma-access na pera sa ibang bangko para may magamit kapag may aberya sa isang app. Kung may utang na mataas ang interest, isama mo sa plano ang pagbabayad nito.

Para sa perang hindi mo agad kailangan, ikumpara ang time deposits. May fixed period ang paglalagay ng pera rito. Puwedeng may penalty o mas mababang interest kapag nag-withdraw nang maaga. Hangga’t maaari, itapat ang maturity (o pagtatapos ng period na iyon) sa petsa kung kailan mo kailangan ang pera.

Puwede ring tingnan ang Treasury bills at retail Treasury bonds (RTBs), kung saan effectively ay nagpapautang ka sa national government. Ikumpara ang kita nga mga ito after tax and fees, pati ang maturity. Puwede ka pa ring malugi kung kailangan mong ibenta bago mag-mature at mas mababa ang market price.

Kung kayang maghintay ng 5 taon, may Modified Pag-IBIG 2 (MP2) para sa qualified members. Tax-free ang dividends o bahagi ng kita na napupunta sa nag-iipon. Nagbabago ang dividend rate nito bawat taon, at may conditions sa pag-withdraw nang maaga.

Para sa long-term goals naman, puwede ring pag-aralan ang low-cost, diversified stock index funds. Sinusundan ng mga pondong ito ang isang stock-market index at nakakalat ang investments sa maraming kumpanya. Ngunit may risk pa rin ng malaking pagkalugi, kaya huwag ilagay rito ang pambayad sa tuition sa susunod na semester.

Pagtaas ng interes

Sa kabuoan, marami nang options ngayon sa pag-iinvest. Piliin ang produktong bagay sa goals mo at sa kung kailan mo kailangan ang pera. Tingnan mo rin lagi ang take-home na kita matapos ang lahat ng gastos.

Ang trend ngayon (at maaaring hanggang sa susunod na taon) ay ang pagtaas ng interest rates, dahil nagsisimula nang magtaas ng interest rates ang Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) bilang tugon nito sa inflation.

Oo, ibig sabihin nito na mas maraming maeengganyo na mag-save dahil asahang tataas din ang interes sa iba’t-ibang investment opportunities, tulad ng mga deposito at government securities. Pero ang mataas na interes ay pambawi lang din dahil sa pagkawala ng halaga ng pera. Kung lalong lalala ang inflation, maaari pa ngang kainin nito ang kinikitang interes.

At siyempre, maraming pamilya ang wala nang naitatabi matapos bumili ng pagkain at magbayad ng kuryente. Hindi nila basta mapapakinabangan ang mas mataas na interes sa savings. Kung may utang pa sila, maaari ring madagdagan ang gastos nila sa pangungutang.

Kaya para sa maraming Pilipino, importante ang pagpapanatili ng inflation sa mababang antas, dahil ang inflation ay mistulang tax o buwis din para sa masa at middle class.

Dito papasok ang mga polisiya ng gobyerno para pigilan ang masyadong mabilis na pag-arangkada ng mga presyo. Kabilang dito ang pagtugon sa mga kakulangan sa suplay at mga hakbang ng BSP. – Rappler.com

Jan Carlo “JC” Punongbayan, PhD is an associate professor at the University of the Philippines School of Economics (UPSE). His professional experience includes the Securities and Exchange Commission, the World Bank Office in Manila, the Far Eastern University Public Policy Center, and the National Economic and Development Authority. JC writes a weekly economics column for Rappler.com. He is also co-founder of UsapangEcon.com and co-host of Usapang Econ Podcast.

His first book, False Nostalgia: The Marcos “Golden Age” Myths and How to Debunk Them, was published by Ateneo de Manila University Press in February 2023. His second book, Twin Plagues: How Duterte and Covid-19 Wrecked the Philippine Economy, was published by Penguin Random House SEA in June 2026. Follow him on Instagram (@jcpunongbayan).

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