Journalism Education in AI Era: Harmonizing Traditional Skills and Emerging Technologies

By Dr Naveeda Katper Different countries have different characteristics regarding population, geography, and natural resources that shape their economic growth. Economists use various indicators to measure development, and population is one of the most debated among them. A large population is often viewed as a hurdle to economic growth. However, every issue deserves to be examined from different angles. The question, “Is a large population a curse or a blessing?” cannot be answered with a simple yes or no. We need to move beyond the idea of population as a burden and understand the concept of the demographic dividend. What appears to be a curse can become a blessing when viewed through the right perspective and supported by the right policies. Research by the RAND Corporation and the World Bank has shown that countries with a growing working-age population can experience faster economic growth when supported by sound education, health, and employment policies. Whether a large population becomes an economic asset depends on governance and public policy. A growing population is not necessarily a curse because every additional mind brings new ideas, different perspectives, and fresh solutions to existing problems. One mind can accomplish one task, two minds can accomplish two, and millions of minds can achieve far more. That is the value of teamwork and collective human potential. Every individual possesses different skills, abilities, and talents that can contribute to national development. What many consider a burden may actually become a country’s greatest strength if those human resources are properly developed. This is the essence of the demographic dividend—the economic advantage that emerges when the working-age population becomes larger than the dependent population. Development economists describe this period as a “window of opportunity” rather than a guaranteed outcome. Highly populated countries can utilize their youthful population to strengthen their economies. After India, China, the United States, and Indonesia, Pakistan is the fifth most populous country in the world. This should be seen as an opportunity rather than a challenge because more than 65 percent of Pakistan’s population consists of young people. That gives the country a significant advantage. A demographic dividend can only be realized when the working-age population is educated, healthy, skilled, and productively employed. When more people are working and contributing to the economy, household savings increase, investment grows, government spending on dependents declines, and both economic output and per capita income improve. The World Bank has repeatedly emphasized that human capital—education, health, and skills—is one of the strongest drivers of long-term productivity and national income. The real challenge is identifying the policies required to achieve this dividend. A country can benefit only if it creates sufficient employment opportunities, provides quality education and skill development, ensures access to healthcare, encourages women to participate in the workforce, and maintains stable economic and public policies. When these conditions exist, the country enjoys faster economic growth, greater productivity, increased investment and savings, improved living standards, and stronger entrepreneurship and innovation. Economic growth becomes inevitable when people are hardworking, equipped with multiple skills from an early age, and capable of adapting to changing economic demands. Skilled and self-reliant citizens become the driving force of national development. Evidence from South Korea, Singapore, and Ireland shows that investment in education and skills transformed youthful populations into globally competitive economies. However, a demographic dividend can quickly become a demographic burden if employment opportunities and skills do not keep pace with population growth. The consequences may include rising unemployment, poverty, social unrest, and migration. Economists and demographers consistently argue that a demographic dividend is not automatic; it is an opportunity that must be earned through effective governance and strong institutions. Without adequate planning and investment, a large youth population can become a liability instead of an asset. The International Labour Organization has warned that persistent youth unemployment can reduce economic productivity and increase social instability. A dynamic economy capable of creating millions of formal-sector jobs each year is essential for absorbing a growing workforce. Human capital development should remain at the center of national policy. Strong educational systems, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), digital literacy, coding, digital finance, and technology-based curricula should be introduced from the early years of education. Equal opportunities for girls and women in education and employment are equally important. Pakistan also needs job creation, labour market reforms, export-led manufacturing, labour flexibility, investment in high-value industries such as technology, electronics, and specialized services, support for youth entrepreneurship and microfinance, and stronger healthcare infrastructure. UNESCO has consistently highlighted that technical and vocational education equips young people with practical skills that improve employability and economic resilience. Pakistan possesses one of the largest youth populations in the region, but this advantage can only be realized through greater investment in education, skills, and employment. In conclusion, population control alone is not a long-term solution to economic growth. Developing people’s abilities, expanding opportunities, and investing in human capital are far more effective. The experiences of countries such as Italy and Japan also demonstrate that declining populations and ageing societies create their own economic challenges. The real question is not how many people a country has, but how well it prepares its people to contribute to national development. Research across both developed and developing countries consistently concludes that people become an economic asset when governments invest in their education, health, productivity, and opportunities rather than viewing population solely as a number. The writer holds a PhD from Malaysia and writes on economic development, public policy, and demographic issues. She can be reached at naveedakatper11@gmail.com

By Areeba Younis The first rays of sunlight spread across the campus of Yanshan University as students quietly begin another day. Some walk purposefully toward classrooms with books in hand, while others pause beneath tree-lined pathways to enjoy the calm before lectures begin. In the distance, the modern skyline of Qinhuangdao reflects the morning light, while the quiet rhythm of campus life unfolds with remarkable order. For an international student, these seemingly ordinary moments reveal something extraordinary: a place where centuries of cultural heritage and the ambitions of a modern nation exist in harmony. When I first arrived in China from Pakistan, I expected to encounter advanced technology, modern cities, and world-class universities. Those expectations were quickly fulfilled. What I did not anticipate was how naturally tradition and innovation would coexist in everyday life. At Yanshan University, I discovered that China’s progress is not defined by replacing its past but by building upon it. Every day offers new evidence that preserving cultural identity and embracing innovation are not opposing goals—they are complementary forces shaping the country’s future. Walking across campus, I often see students reading beneath ancient-style pavilions before entering laboratories equipped with cutting-edge technology. Traditional Chinese architecture blends seamlessly with modern academic buildings, creating an environment that respects history while encouraging discovery. This balance extends beyond the university itself. Whether observing cultural festivals enthusiastically celebrated by both Chinese and international students or attending lectures on artificial intelligence, engineering, and sustainable development, I have witnessed how the values of the past continue to guide the innovations of tomorrow. The experience extends beyond the classroom. Nearby streets reflect the same remarkable balance. Local restaurants continue to prepare recipes passed down through generations, while customers pay using digital platforms within seconds. Morning markets preserve customs that have connected communities for decades, yet efficient transportation systems, smart city infrastructure, and digital services demonstrate how technological advancement has become part of everyday life. Rather than replacing tradition, innovation appears to strengthen it by making daily life more connected, accessible, and efficient. Yanshan University itself represents this philosophy. Its reputation for excellence in engineering and scientific research reflects China’s commitment to technological advancement, yet the university also places great importance on cultural exchange, community, and mutual respect. As international students, we are encouraged not only to pursue academic success but also to understand Chinese culture through festivals, volunteer activities, language learning, and interactions with local communities. These experiences transform education into something far greater than earning a degree—they become lessons in understanding different perspectives and appreciating shared human values. Living in Qinhuangdao has further deepened this understanding. The city’s coastal beauty, green parks, and historic landmarks exist alongside expanding infrastructure, modern industries, and sustainable urban development. The coexistence of natural landscapes and economic progress reflects a broader vision of development that values both environmental stewardship and long-term prosperity. As someone studying economics and business, I find this balance particularly meaningful because it demonstrates that development can be measured not only by growth but also by the quality of life it creates. Perhaps the greatest lesson I have learned is that China’s future is being built without losing sight of its cultural foundations. Respect for education, family, community, and tradition continues to shape daily life even as technology transforms industries and society. This combination has challenged many of my previous assumptions about modernization. Rather than viewing tradition and innovation as competing forces, I have come to see them as partners in creating resilient and sustainable progress. As the evening lights illuminate the campus and students gather to discuss assignments, share meals, or simply enjoy a walk with friends, Yanshan University becomes more than a place of higher learning. It becomes a meeting point where cultures, ideas, and aspirations come together. Every conversation, every shared experience, and every lesson contributes to a broader understanding that education is not confined to classrooms—it is found in the relationships we build and the perspectives we gain. For me, studying at Yanshan University has been more than an academic journey. It has been an opportunity to witness how a nation can confidently embrace the future while honoring its past. In an increasingly interconnected world, this balance offers an important lesson: true progress is achieved not by abandoning tradition, but by allowing it to inspire innovation. Here, where tradition meets tomorrow, I have found not only a university but also a deeper appreciation of China’s enduring spirit and its vision for the future.

By: Asma Qayyum With the rapid pace of modern life, productivity and time management have become vital skills for students, professionals, and individuals alike. With increasing responsibilities and constant distractions, managing time effectively is the key to achieving success. Productivity refers to the ability to complete tasks effectively by making the best use of time, energy, and resources. On the other hand, time management is the process of planning and organizing how time is spent on different activities to accomplish goals efficiently. The greatest benefit of effective time management is increased efficiency. People who plan their day and prioritize their most important tasks are more likely to meet deadlines, stay productive, and produce higher-quality work. It also helps reduce stress by preventing last-minute pressure and allowing people to complete their tasks in a calm and organized manner. For example, students who follow a regular study schedule usually perform better in examinations than those who rely on last-minute preparation. Despite these benefits, several factors reduce productivity, including procrastination, excessive use of social media, poor planning, and a lack of clear goals. These habits waste precious time and make it difficult to focus on essential responsibilities. However, with the right approach, these challenges can be overcome through self-discipline and proper planning. There are several ways to improve productivity, such as creating a daily to-do list, avoiding unnecessary distractions, setting realistic goals, completing the most important tasks first, taking short breaks, following a regular routine, and managing time effectively. Research highlights the importance of effective time management. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), planning tasks and managing time can help reduce stress and improve overall well-being. Similarly, educational research by Pan et al. (2011) found that strong time management skills are directly associated with higher study engagement and greater achievement of academic goals. In conclusion, productivity and time management are not just useful skills but essential habits for success. By managing time wisely and staying focused on priorities, individuals can accomplish more, reduce stress, and create opportunities for personal and professional growth. Every second is valuable, and learning to manage time effectively is one of the best investments anyone can make in their future.