China High-Quality Opening and Socialist Market Ec…

By Ali Dar Every few weeks, Artificial Intelligence seems to produce another headline. A new model. A larger investment. A faster processor. A company valued in the hundreds of billions. The conversation has become almost entirely centered on the race to build more powerful machines.   I follow these developments with genuine interest. But I often find myself wondering whether we are all looking in the wrong direction. History has a curious habit of reminding us that the inventors of transformative technologies are not always the ones who transform society. James Watt improved the steam engine. It was factories that transformed economies. The internet was built by engineers. It was entrepreneurs, educators, governments and ordinary citizens who changed the way we lived because of it. Technology begins the story. Institutions decide how the story ends. That distinction has occupied my thoughts for some time. Perhaps because I spend more time thinking about government than algorithms. Perhaps because the questions that matter most are no longer technological. They are institutional. People often speak about bureaucracy as though it were an outdated mistake waiting to be dismantled. I see it differently. Modern government was designed for the world in which it existed. Information travelled slowly. Documents moved from one office to another because there was no practical alternative. Decisions climbed through layers of administration because knowledge itself moved through those same layers. Those systems were not inefficient by accident. They were remarkably effective for their time. They created order, consistency and accountability. They allowed governments to function at a scale that had previously been impossible. The challenge today is not that bureaucracy failed. The challenge is that the world around it has changed more quickly than bureaucracy itself. For the first time in history, governments are not struggling because they lack information. They are struggling because they have too much of it. A district administration receives more information in a single week than previous generations of public servants might have encountered in an entire year. Hospitals generate enormous volumes of clinical data. Schools continuously measure educational outcomes. Agriculture increasingly depends upon satellite imagery, weather intelligence and real-time market information. The constraint is no longer access. It is interpretation. That, I believe, changes everything. Artificial Intelligence is often described as a technological revolution. I am beginning to think it is something else. It is an institutional revolution. It’s greatest contribution may not be writing reports or generating images. It’s greatest contribution may be helping institutions distinguish what is important from what is merely available. That is a subtle difference. It is also an enormously important one. Governments have spent the past two decades becoming digital. That was necessary. Files became electronic. Services moved online. Citizens could access information without standing in long queues. These were meaningful achievements. Yet digitisation should never be confused with transformation. Replacing paper with screens does not automatically produce better judgement. A digital government stores information more efficiently. An intelligent government learns from it. There is a profound difference between the two. One preserves knowledge. The other improves decisions. This is why I believe the next chapter of public administration will not be defined by technology alone. It will be defined by institutional learning. Can governments recognise emerging problems before they become crises? Can public services adapt more quickly to changing circumstances? Can policymakers spend less time searching for information and more time exercising judgement? These are leadership questions. Technology merely provides new tools with which to answer them. Around the world, different countries are beginning to explore these possibilities in different ways. Estonia has shown what becomes possible when digital infrastructure is treated as a public utility rather than a technical project. Singapore continues to demonstrate that institutional discipline remains one of the greatest competitive advantages any nation can possess. Neither model should be copied uncritically. Every society carries its own history, institutions and public expectations. Punjab will do the same. Our objective should never be to imitate another government’s technology. It should be to strengthen our own capacity to govern. That is the thinking behind The Office of AI. Contrary to popular perception, its purpose is not simply to introduce Artificial Intelligence into government. Technology, on its own, has never transformed institutions. People do. Leadership does. Culture does. The real ambition is more demanding than digital transformation. It is to cultivate public institutions that learn continuously, coordinate more effectively and ultimately deliver better outcomes for citizens. That is a much harder challenge. It is also a far more worthwhile one. I suspect history will remember this period rather differently from the way we describe it today. It may not be remembered as the moment machines became intelligent. It may be remembered as the moment governments were compelled to become more thoughtful. Perhaps that is the real revolution. Not smarter software but smarter institutions. And if that proves to be true, the defining governments of this century will not be those that purchased the most advanced technology. They will be the ones that developed the wisdom to use it well. About the Author Ali Dar is a software engineer by education, business leader and Advisor to the Chief Minister of Punjab on Artificial Intelligence and Special Initiatives. He writes on the future of governance, Artificial Intelligence, digital transformation and public policy.

By Ayesha Jamil Rao The recent protests led by the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) have reignited debate over the state of governance and education in India. Backed by students, artists, educators, public intellectuals, and activists including education reformer Sonam Wangchuk. The movement reflects not only dissatisfaction with education policy but also growing concern about the functioning of public institutions. For many protesters, the resignation of Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan marked a symbolic victory. Yet it also raises a more fundamental question: has anything truly changed, or has one political actor simply been replaced by another operating within the same institutional framework? Replacing an individual rarely changes the character of an institution. At most, it creates a vacancy for someone else to occupy the same office. History repeatedly shows that leaders who enter politics with reformist ambitions can gradually become defenders of the very system they once challenged. Dharmendra Pradhan’s own political journey illustrates this paradox. As a student, he participated in protests against irregularities in the 1986 Odisha Board examinations. Decades later, he found himself at the centre of another wave of student discontent. His story is a reminder that institutions often shape leaders more profoundly than leaders reshape institutions. If that is true, then meaningful political change requires more than replacing ministers or governments; it requires reforming the institutions through which power is exercised. India is far from unique in facing this dilemma. Democracies across the world have witnessed protest movements that successfully remove leaders but struggle to transform the institutions that produced them. Bangladesh’s 2024 student-led movement offers one of the clearest recent examples. What began as opposition to the quota system for public-sector jobs gained momentum after inflammatory remarks by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina toward protesters. The movement eventually culminated in Hasina’s resignation and the formation of an interim government under Nobel Peace Prize laureate Professor Muhammad Yunus. It also compelled the authorities to reduce the controversial quota allocation from 56 percent to 7 percent. These were significant achievements. Yet history reminds us that changing a government is not the same as changing a political system. The departure of a leader does not automatically reform the institutions that enabled that leader to accumulate power. The Bangladeshi experience raises a broader question. Why do youth-led movements repeatedly succeed in bringing down governments but struggle to transform the institutions that generated the public grievances in the first place? The answer lies in the slow nature of democratic decline. Democracies seldom collapse overnight. More often, they weaken gradually as institutions become vulnerable to political capture, allowing successive governments to consolidate power regardless of who occupies office. This pattern can be seen in India’s debates over institutional accountability, Bangladesh’s uncertain transition, and Pakistan’s recurring cycles of political instability. Public discourse often centres on individual leaders, while far less attention is given to strengthening the constitutional, judicial, electoral, and administrative structures that determine how political power is exercised. As a result, governments change, but the deeper institutional weaknesses remain. None of this diminishes the importance of protest. Public demonstrations remain one of democracy’s most powerful instruments of accountability and, in many cases, the only effective means available to citizens confronting unresponsive governments. The challenge, however, is to ensure that protests do more than produce changes in political leadership. Their long-term success should be measured by whether they make it harder for any future government—regardless of ideology or electoral mandate—to manipulate state institutions for partisan advantage. The lessons extend beyond South Asia. The Arab Spring demonstrated both the promise and the limitations of revolutionary politics. Popular uprisings removed long-standing rulers in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen, but the outcomes differed dramatically. Tunisia initially achieved a negotiated constitutional transition. Egypt saw the return of military dominance. Libya descended into prolonged civil conflict, while Yemen entered one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. Together, these experiences underscore an enduring lesson: removing rulers without strengthening institutions rarely produces lasting democratic change. For South Asia, sustainable democratic reform depends less on replacing individual leaders than on rebuilding the institutions that organise political power. Youth movements can play an important role by advocating transitional constitutional and institutional reform commissions that bring together young lawyers, academics, technocrats, policy professionals, and civil society representatives. Their agenda should also include judicial independence, electoral integrity, civil service reform, stronger oversight institutions, and more effective legislative accountability. Digital mobilisation can amplify public grievances, but it cannot by itself draft constitutions, reform public institutions, or build resilient democracies. That requires broad and sustained coalitions involving labour unions, bar councils, journalists, academics, and civil society organisations long after the energy of street protests has faded. Bangladesh’s 2024 movement, alongside similar experiences in India, Pakistan, and the Arab Spring, shows that removing a government is only the first step. Toppling a government is an event; building institutions is a generational project. In the end, the true measure of democratic success is not which leaders fall, but whether stronger institutions emerge in their place.

Reflecting upon the profound vastness of the cosmos and the acute, unyielding solitude of the human condition, the French philosopher and writer Albert Camus once observed that if even a single lamp were to be kindled within the dark, tempestuous ocean of history, the entire fabric of the universe would transform, tearing asunder the merciless veil of night. The annals of history stand as an unshakeable testament to the truth that whenever the fierce gales of material greed, political expediency, and moral decay have threatened to engulf human societies, certain dervish-souled, deeply conscientious, and granite-willed individuals have emerged from the crowd. Swimming resolutely against the powerful, destructive current of their era, these rare souls have stood guard over the invaluable civilizational trusts bequeathed by antiquity. The fertile, history-drenched soil of Gujrat—where the ancient, meandering waves of the Chenab and Jhelum rivers have whispered civilizational sagas for centuries—has long served as the intellectual cradle and practical domain of precisely such a man of extraordinary mettle. Brushing aside the rigidities of legal codes, the demanding, iron-willed disciplinary training of police service, and the glittering, lucrative allure of high-ranking international postings, he made the monumental choice to dedicate his entire terrestrial existence to books, the retrieval of forgotten history, and uncompromised moral dignity. This towering, unyielding personality is none other than Arif Ali Mir, Advocate, whose entire life has stood like an unshakable monolith against the self-serving, shifting winds of his time. Born on December 28, 1949—corresponding precisely to the 8th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 1369 AH, on a Wednesday—within the historic, time-honored confines of “Mir Manzil” in Mohalla Khyber, nestled deep in the heart of Gujrat’s historic town of Jalalpur Jattan, Arif Ali Mir’s life is far more than a conventional biographical sketch. It is a profound, sweeping narrative capturing the complex post-colonial socio-political contradictions of the Indian subcontinent, an unwavering, almost sacred custodianship of noble familial heritage, and an extraordinary odyssey of letters where every single chapter serves as a luminous metaphor for absolute sincerity, purity of intellectual purpose, and complete self-sufficiency. His esteemed father, Ghazanfar Hussain Mir, was a legendary, fiercely principled, and seasoned lawyer of his generation. His uncommon nobility, profound legal acumen, and distinguished, intellectual circle of acquaintances infused the deepest foundational layers of Arif Ali Mir’s character with a forged-steel morality that would remain his greatest, most unassailable asset throughout his life. Standing gracefully beside him was his mother, Ruqaiya Begum, an affectionate, deeply dignified woman who silently imprinted the enduring values of selfless sacrifice, patience, and unbreakable resilience upon the rearing of her children. Within this vibrant, intellectually charged household comprising four sisters and three brothers, Arif Ali Mir occupies a unique middle vantage: two elder sisters precede him in age, while all other siblings are younger. Driven eventually by the professional demands and expanding horizons of his father’s legal practice, the family made the permanent transition from Jalalpur Jattan to the bustling city of Gujrat, establishing their permanent domestic and intellectual anchor at “Mir Street” on Bhimber Road—a historic domicile that would organically evolve into a cherished sanctuary for scholars, jurists, and discerning bibliophiles alike. A deep, discerning psychological and biographical study of Mr. Arif Ali Mir’s versatile and multifaceted personality reveals that his arrival on December 28, 1949, was far from a mere statistical coincidence. According to the timeless principles of astrological configuration and character alignment, his zodiac sign, Capricorn, functions as a clear mirror to his intrinsic nature. Ruled by Saturn—the planetary archetype of profound gravity, timeless perseverance, and unyielding adherence to principle—these exact traits form the unmistakable, defining hallmark of Mr. Arif’s entire life. While Capricorns are universally recognized across traditions as grounded earth signs marked by relentless, grinding toil, Arif Sahib uniquely channeled this raw elemental energy into cultivating a veritable forest of arts, letters, and historical preservation upon the plains of Gujrat. The crowning virtue of his astrological archetype is structural discipline combined with penetrating foresight—qualities that naturally laid the bedrock of his early success in the legal arena, where he learned to dissect truth from falsehood with microscopic precision. Yet, the most captivating, transcendent facet of his persona is how he decisively transcended the traditional, narrow materialism often associated with his sign through a profound inner spiritual inclination. Operating as a fiercely devoted bibliophile and patron of learning, he redirected the formidable organizational capacity of the Capricorn psyche away from worldly accumulation and entirely toward the preservation of rare texts and the wide propagation of knowledge. Operating with the quiet, unostentatious efficiency characteristic of his sign, his personal dignity, fierce institutional loyalty, and immense intellectual depth render him a towering, sheltering tree on Gujrat’s literary horizon—its roots gripping ancient tradition, its uppermost branches illuminated by the clear light of universal wisdom. Mr. Arif Ali Mir’s educational journey is a rugged, continuous path strewn with dramatic twists, historical upheavals, and personal sacrifices that ultimately refined his character like crucible-tested gold. At the time of his earliest schooling, his father was stationed as the Chief Sanitary Inspector for the Sialkot Municipality, prompting Arif’s first three formative, sensory years of childhood to unfold within the disciplined, historic halls of the Convent of Jesus and Mary in Sialkot. Upon the family’s return to Jalalpur Jattan, he successfully completed his fifth and sixth grades at Islamia Primary School, subsequently transitioning to Islamia High School. When domestic circumstances necessitated a move to Gujrat, where the family initially settled in a rented house near Mohalla Gyanpura / Muslim Abad , he pursued his seventh and eighth grades at Muslim High School on Court Road. This institution was then under the stellar administrative helm of the eminent headmaster Master Ghulam Abbas. For his matriculation, he moved to Public High School No. 1 in Gujrat—administered with strict discipline by Headmaster Mirza Shaukat Ali and school owner Sheikh Shafqatullah—where he successfully passed his Matriculation examination in the watershed year of 1964. Following this, he completed his intermediate education at Sir Syed College on Railway Road, Gujrat, in 1966, before

Quite surely and certainly, Pakistan’s youth are our greatest national asset and, more importantly, the foundation of the country’s future growth. With nearly 70 percent of Pakistan’s total population below the age of 30, making the much required investment as such was not only a social responsibility but also an economic necessity. Visionary Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif’s focus was centred on productive employment, empowering Pakistani youth to become job creators instead of job seekers. Under his leadership and guidance, youth empowerment has been placed at the centre of the Federal Government’s development agenda. According to the relevant facts and figures in this regard available from the official sources concerned, the Federal Budget for the just commenced new financial year 2026-27 duly reflects this commitment through the largest-ever investment in Pakistan’s youth development, as Rs 40.58 billion have been directly allocated for the Prime Minister’s Youth Programme initiatives. Additionally, Rs 21 billion have also been provided for the implementation of a number of youth-focused programmes by various ministries/divisions of the Federal Government. Such a huge allocation in the new federal budget for youth development quite obviously reflects the Federal Government’s determination to provide young Pakistanis with equal opportunities in education, skills development, entrepreneurship, innovation, sports, and leadership. Federal budget allocations will hopefully further strengthen youth participation in national development. The Federal Government is in the process of building an ecosystem where young Pakistanis can create businesses, generate employment, and contribute to economic growth. This appreciable ecosystem is being built through productive employment initiatives, entrepreneurship support, skills development, and easy and comfortable access to financial resources. The youth-focused prioritized areas in the federal budget directly impacting the future of Pakistan’s young population included allocation of Rs 22.4 billion for the PM’s Youth Business & Agriculture Loan Scheme for promoting entrepreneurship and economic independence; Rs 9.9 billion for the Youth Skills Development Programme to provide market-driven technical and digital skills; Rs 3 billion for the Pakistan Education Endowment Fund for supporting talented students from disadvantaged backgrounds; another Rs 3.00 billion for IT Startups and Venture Capital support for accelerating Pakistan’s digital economy; Rs 700.00 million for Youth Development Centres; Rs 500.00 million for the Talent Hunt Youth Sports League; Rs 400.00 million for the National Volunteer Corps; Rs 300.00 million for E-Sports Arenas and Training Centres; Rs 250.00 million for National Innovation Awards; and Rs 50.00 million for the Green Youth Movement. Additionally, Rs 24.48 billion have also been allocated for expansion of the Daanish Schools Network across the country for improving access to quality education. Recognizing the fast emerging fact that the modern global economy rewards skills, innovation, and adaptability, the Federal Government has also allocated more than Rs 9.9 billion for technical, digital, and professional skills development under the PM Youth Programmes. Young Pakistanis are being trained through the Youth Skills Development Programme in fast emerging technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, data science, and other high-demand sectors, along with traditional trades aligned with market needs. The objective is to bridge the gap between education and employment and to prepare the youth to avail and explore opportunities both within Pakistan and in foreign countries around the globe. The PM’s Youth Business & Agriculture Loan Scheme duly represents the Federal Government’s commitment to ensure entrepreneurship-led growth. Through provision of interest-free and low-markup financing, the scheme is enabling young Pakistanis to establish their own businesses, expand agricultural ventures, launch startups, and become employers. This is an ongoing initiative which has demonstrated quite significant impact, as till now Rs 365.5 billion have been disbursed to over 625,740 borrowers, which has contributed to the creation of nearly 1.96 million jobs. It is pertinent to mention here that while it is hoped that funds will be allocated for the continuation of the scheme during financial year 2026-27 in an impressive and progressive manner, thereby further strengthening entrepreneurship, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), agriculture, and innovation, quite appreciably a 25 percent quota has been reserved for women to ensure that young women also have equal access to financing and economic opportunities. The PM’s Youth Laptop Scheme is also an ongoing initiative under which six lakh laptops have so far been distributed among talented students across Pakistan. Under its Phase-IV, another one lakh laptops are being distributed. In the next phase, PM’s Chromebooks will be distributed to students nationwide, including those hailing from underserved and grassroots communities, in order to further enhance digital learning opportunities. Digital transformation is a key priority of the Federal Government’s youth development agenda. The PM’s Digital Youth Hub is Pakistan’s first national youth platform for connecting young people with opportunities across the PM’s Youth Programmes and the 4Es Framework, including education, employment, scholarships, internships, entrepreneurship, and technology. With already more than 800,000 registered users, over 16 million downloads, and over 114,000 job listings, the platform is ensuring transparent and merit-based opportunities. Sports development is another priority of the Federal Government. More than 300,000 young athletes have already so far participated in the PM’s Youth Talent Identification activities. The Federal Government is expanding sports disciplines from 12 to 23 while also establishing professional facilities. The approval of Pakistan’s first National E-Sports Policy in the very near future will further open opportunities in the rapidly growing global digital entertainment industry. Furthermore, the National Youth Employment Policy aims to create sustainable employment opportunities for Pakistan’s youth, including 32.4 million NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) youth, by aligning skills development with market demands and high-growth sectors. The policy commendably focuses on youth entrepreneurship, workforce readiness, digital skills, and expanding access to decent employment opportunities, with a target of achieving 100 percent absorption of new labour-force entrants by 2030 and also increasing female labour force participation to 35 percent. Further, the National Adolescent & Youth Policy empowers Pakistan’s youth aged 10-29 years through education, skills development, employment, health, and social inclusion. The policy has been developed through consultations with 50/60 thousand youth across 40+ cities and provides a framework for youth development and nation-building.

Health is the foundation upon which every nation builds its future. More specifically in Pakistan which is underdeveloped. No country can claim sustainable progress while its citizens continue to suffer from preventable diseases, unsafe medical practices, and a healthcare system weakened by negligence and poor governance. Unfortunately, Pakistan finds itself confronting these very challenges, where public awareness remains limited, people prefer malpractice upon the real HCPs, healthcare standards are inconsistently enforced, and accountability is often absent, (absence of accountability is the major issue in my opinion).   The recent reports of children allegedly contracting HIV following treatment at a healthcare facility in Karachi have deeply disturbed the nation. Whole Karachi is feeling a fear to go to any hospital, especially in public sector. Regardless of the outcome of ongoing investigations, the incident has exposed an uncomfortable reality, patient safety cannot be left to chance. A single lapse in infection control, sterilization, blood screening, or injection practices can permanently alter the lives of innocent patients and destroy public confidence in the healthcare system.   Healthcare is not merely about prescribing medicines or performing procedures. It is a responsibility that demands competence, discipline, ethical conduct, and strict adherence to internationally accepted standards. Every hospital, whether public or private, must operate under robust quality assurance systems. Sterilization protocols, infection prevention measures, waste disposal, blood safety, medication management, and continuous staff training are not optional, they are the minimum requirements for safe patient care. Equally concerning is the widespread public attitude toward health. Many people ignore symptoms until illnesses become severe. Self-medication, unqualified practitioners, unnecessary injections, and delayed medical consultation continue to place countless lives at risk. Public health awareness must become a national priority. Prevention is always less costly and more effective than treatment.   However, responsibility does not rest with the public alone. Healthcare institutions must also examine their own shortcomings. In many facilities across Sindh and other parts of Pakistan, shortages of trained professionals, inadequate supervision, poor infection control practices, and weak administrative oversight compromise patient safety. Quality healthcare cannot be delivered where merit is overlooked, competent professionals are undervalued, and management positions are assigned without the necessary expertise and accountability.   Healthcare administration should be treated as a specialized profession. Hospitals are complex organizations that require qualified leaders capable of managing clinical governance, quality improvement, patient safety, risk management, and human resources. Administrative decisions directly affect patient outcomes. Therefore, appointments to key management positions must be based on competence, experience, and professional qualifications rather than favoritism or administrative convenience. Another neglected area is the implementation of quality management systems. Every healthcare facility should maintain active infection control committees, medication safety programs, pharmacovigilance systems, incident reporting mechanisms, and regular internal audits. Compliance with national standards should not be limited to inspection days but should become part of everyday practice.   The role of pharmacists, nurses, laboratory professionals, infection control specialists, and other allied health professionals must also be strengthened. Modern healthcare depends upon multidisciplinary collaboration. Patient safety improves when every healthcare professional performs within clearly defined responsibilities and works together under an effective governance framework. Regulatory authorities also bear a significant responsibility. Licensing alone is insufficient. Regular inspections, transparent investigations, prompt corrective actions, and meaningful penalties for serious negligence are essential to restore public confidence. Accountability should never be selective. Whether the institution is public or private, patient safety must remain the highest priority.   Furthermore, Pakistan must invest substantially in continuous professional education. Medical knowledge evolves rapidly, and healthcare workers require regular training in infection prevention, patient safety, antimicrobial stewardship, emergency preparedness, and quality improvement. Competence is not achieved through qualification alone; it must be maintained throughout one’s professional career. The tragedy involving innocent children should not become another forgotten headline. It must serve as a turning point for meaningful healthcare reform. Every adverse event should encourage learning, strengthen systems, and prevent future harm rather than becoming another statistic buried in official reports.   A nation’s healthcare system reflects its collective values. If we tolerate negligence, ignore standards, and compromise merit, we inevitably place every patient at risk. But if we prioritize competence, accountability, transparency, and patient safety, Pakistan can build a healthcare system worthy of public trust.   The health of our people is not merely a medical issue; it is a national responsibility. Every citizen deserves safe treatment, every child deserves protection from preventable harm, and every healthcare institution must be held to the highest standards of professional excellence. The time for complacency has passed. The time for reform is now.

Vice President Pakistan-China Joint Chamber In the early 1990, when Chinese Government planned to develop the most modern city of the world at the south eat coast of China, named Shenzhen, the Government named it as the window of the world. In the modern history it is the most advanced, beautiful and well-planned city in the world with its population reaching almost 18 million. Along, Shenzhen GDP is bigger than the GDPs of many countries. Similarly, after the Chairman Xhi announced his initiative to develop for a global trade in the name of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which is considered to be the biggest financial project globally. In respect to active this project the initiative of CPEC as a flagship project of BRI was taken. Pakistan with its most sage borders with its neighboring countries China is also the key part of this initiative. Considering my experience to travel to China using a road link was started from the small city of Pakistan name coast. Which is even more than like 200 km from the border of the Khunjarab which leads you to enter to the new window of the world which is starting from the south west of China. Directly you pass the immigration process at Tashgorqan, you will feel the things have been entirely changed. My first inspiration was this city for its cultural background buildings, music, food, that totally fascinated me. I was just in the middle ages where there was a very beautiful city to welcome me with all its cultural strength. The city is even smaller like a country of Kashgar but still you can see the international food chains along with a lot of local delicacies. The ethnic people are mainly Chinese and Tajik origin. This city is similarly famous for the yolk beef. And that was my first feast tried at this city. The visitors of the city were even more than the locals who came from all over China to observe the rich culture of this city. Even I spent there few hours but the fascination, beauty and culture of this city will definitely attract me to visit it again. The roads were wide, clean, infrastructure was excellent, like a combination of an old civilization with modern infrastructure. If a got a chance in the future I would love to stay in this city significantly marking the importance of this city even in the ancient time till today. This was the first settlement as a city I found on my way to the Khunjarab border to tashgorqan. The people were very friendly, beautiful and they showed a lot of love not only fore me but for the all visitors. Such a small city with a rich culture for their dressing, music and traditional dance can fascinate anyone. Kashgar is about 5 hours drive from Tashgorqan. Being the second largest city of Xinjian, this city is I may call a new window of the world. Kashgar city which is normally a called as Kashi by Chinese is an inspiration. This city which was formally very undeveloped like a couple of decades before now have become a center of financial activities under the BRI. With its specific location along with the silk route the locals of Kashi claims that this city have a history to 2000 to 5000 years old. I have never observed a city like Xinjiang with such a remote area and having the ethnic communities for more than 13 including Yugur, dominating Han, Tatar, Tajik, Karghaiz, Mangol and many other are among the most prominent ethnic nationalities living in this city. This diversified this city as a multicultural hub.   China Government is very concerned and they are really developing this area with all the available resources they can inject. Within a decade of time Kashi is now one of the modern cities developing with the gigantic speed and its bordering with the countries like Kirghizstan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. With its population increasing ofr more than 6 million people is one of the biggest city in all this region. Yecheng as a county of Xinjiang, is considered to be a window to Tibet all that, who want to start their expedition to Tibet, they have to start from this city name , Yecheng. I got an opportunity to visit his small city which is similarly fascinating, I should appreciate this all areas are culturally being so rich that every building and every road is telling a new story about this city. What attracted me the most that was the food and the dancing culture of this city with some fascinating music. This area is rich for its dry fruits where you can see the most variety of dry fruits in the world. Yecheng is considered to be a capital city of walnuts. Coming back of Kashi which is my topic of the day, everybody can spend hours and hours to have a look at the rich culture. The Government have preserved the buildings and most of them have been converted into historical places mostly are called in the name of Mehman Khana (Hotel). The walled city of Kashgar is one of the top most attraction for any foreigners and mainland Chinese. Now the Kashi economy is mainly based on tourism as the Chairman Xhi announced in his last speech as tourism and health sector would be the main focus of Chinese Government. The streets of Kashi were swarming with the Chinese from all provinces who were eager to learn more about the history and culture of this region.   To be continued..