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  India has passed a controversial bill that introduces penalties for insulting or disrupting the singing of Vande Mataram, the country’s national song. Under the proposed legislation, anyone found guilty of obstructing the performance of Vande Mataram or showing disrespect toward it could face up to three years in prison. The bill has triggered widespread political debate, with opposition parties and minority groups expressing concern that it undermines India’s secular principles and religious freedoms. The bill was presented by India’s Minister of State for Home Affairs, Nityanand Rai. Once it receives the approval of the President, it will officially become law. According to Rai, the legislation is not aimed at targeting any individual, religion, or political ideology. Instead, he argued that it is intended to safeguard the dignity of the nation and strengthen a shared sense of national identity and unity among Indian citizens. However, the bill has faced strong opposition from several political parties, including the Indian National Congress and other opposition groups. Critics argue that the legislation violates the secular character of the Indian Constitution and threatens the constitutional right to freedom of religion. Opposition leaders have warned that compelling citizens to participate in or show reverence toward Vande Mataram could create unnecessary religious and social tensions in a country known for its cultural and religious diversity. Opposition parties also pointed out that there was no need to enforce the entire version of Vande Mataram through legislation. They noted that during the framing of the Indian Constitution, the Constituent Assembly had recognized only the first two stanzas of the song for official purposes. In their view, extending legal protection to the entire composition goes beyond the historical constitutional understanding and could lead to disputes over interpretation and implementation. All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) President and Member of Parliament Asaduddin Owaisi strongly criticized the bill, describing it as a violation of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom. He argued that Vande Mataram contains references to the worship of Hindu goddesses and deities, making it incompatible with the religious beliefs of many citizens, particularly those belonging to non-Hindu faiths. Owaisi claimed that forcing respect for the song through legal penalties amounts to imposing a particular religious belief on the entire population. He further alleged that the legislation reflects an attempt to transform India into a “Hindu Rashtra,” or Hindu nation. According to Owaisi, such measures weaken India’s constitutional commitment to secularism and equal treatment of all religious communities. He warned that laws based on religious symbolism could deepen divisions rather than promote national unity. The All India Muslim Personal Law Board also expressed serious concern over the bill’s approval. In its statement, the organization argued that using legislation to impose a specific religious concept or belief on all citizens contradicts the fundamental spirit of the Indian Constitution. The Board maintained that India’s democratic framework guarantees equal rights and religious freedom for people of all faiths and that no law should compel citizens to endorse religious practices or beliefs that conflict with their convictions. The debate surrounding the bill has highlighted the broader discussion over nationalism, constitutional values, and religious freedom in India. Supporters believe the legislation promotes national pride and respect for national symbols, while critics argue that it risks eroding the country’s secular foundations. As the bill now awaits presidential approval, it continues to generate significant political and public debate across the country.