What is Piles – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment |

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the lowest part of
your rectum and anus. When the walls of these blood vessels stretch, they
become irritated. While piles can be painful and uncomfortable, they are often
manageable with lifestyle changes, medical treatments, and sometimes, surgical
interventions.

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Symptoms
of Piles

The symptoms of piles can vary depending on the type and severity. They can
be broadly classified into internal and external hemorrhoids.

Internal Hemorrhoids:

• Usually painless unless they prolapse.
• May cause bright red bleeding during bowel movements.
• Can lead to a sensation of incomplete evacuation.

External Hemorrhoids:

• Pain and discomfort, especially during bowel movements.
• Swelling and irritation around the anus.
• Itching or burning sensation.
• Possible formation of a hard lump around the anus due to a
  blood clot (thrombosed hemorrhoid).

Causes of Piles

Several factors can contribute to the development of piles. These include:

1. Chronic Constipation: Straining during bowel movements increases pressure on the
   veins in the rectal area.
2. Chronic Diarrhea: Prolonged diarrhea can also irritate and cause swelling in the
   rectal veins.
3. Aging: As you age, the tissues supporting the veins in your rectum
   and anus can weaken and stretch.
4. Pregnancy: The increased pressure in the pelvic area and hormonal changes
   during pregnancy can lead to piles.
5. Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on the veins in the
   rectal area.
6. Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet, can
   increase the pressure on the veins in the anus.
7. Low-fiber Diet: A diet lacking in fiber can lead to constipation and straining
   during bowel movements.

Diagnosis of Piles

Diagnosing piles typically involves a physical examination and reviewing
your medical history. Your doctor may perform:

1. Visual Inspection: A doctor will examine the area around your anus to check for
   external hemorrhoids or signs of internal hemorrhoids.
2. Digital Rectal Exam: The doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into your
   rectum to feel for any unusual growths or hemorrhoids.
3. Anoscopy: This involves inserting a small, lighted tube (anoscope) into
   your rectum to view internal hemorrhoids.
4. Proctoscopy: A more extensive examination that allows the doctor to see
   further into the rectum and the lower part of the colon.

Treatment of Piles

Treatment options for piles depend on the severity and type. They range from
lifestyle modifications to medical procedures.

Lifestyle Changes:

• High-Fiber Diet: Include more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet
  to soften stool and increase its bulk.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to help prevent constipation.
• Regular Exercise: Helps improve bowel function and reduce pressure on the veins.
• Avoid Straining: Don’t strain during bowel movements, and go to the toilet when
  you feel the urge.

Home Remedies:

• Warm Sitz Baths: Soak the anal area in warm water for 10-15 minutes several
  times a day.
• Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter creams and ointments can reduce pain and
  inflammation.
• Cold Compresses: Applying cold packs can reduce swelling and discomfort.

Medical Treatments:

• Medications: Pain relievers, creams, or suppositories to reduce symptoms.
• Minimally Invasive
  Procedures: Such as rubber band ligation,
  sclerotherapy, or infrared coagulation for internal hemorrhoids.

Surgical Interventions:

• Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of large or severe hemorrhoids.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A less painful alternative to hemorrhoidectomy, which staples
  the prolapsed hemorrhoid back into place.

Conclusion

Piles, though uncomfortable and sometimes painful, are a common condition
that can be managed effectively with appropriate lifestyle changes, home
remedies, and medical treatments. If you experience symptoms of piles, it’s
important to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and
treatment plan. With the right approach, you can alleviate symptoms and improve
your quality of life.

If you have any questions or need further assistance, feel free to reach out
to your healthcare provider or a specialist in gastrointestinal health

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